Livestock plays a particularly important role in building healthy soils by adding SOM through manure, as already noted, and as a source of labor for land preparation, essential for preventing soil erosion (for example, building soil ridges perpendicular to a slope). Data from the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 2011 showed that Haiti has only about 0.25 head of cattle per agricultural worker, compared with 2.7 and 2.8 in neighboring Dominican Republic and Cuba, respectively [28, 29].
The failures of the various stakeholders working in Haiti, including systemic failures to improve soils, are most evident from the following startling fact: despite all of the aforementioned interventions and the decades of donor aid, the problem of inadequate food supply in Haiti has remained virtually unchanged over approximately 60 years, increasing only slightly from 1,905 kcal/capita/day in 1961 to 1,979 kcal/capita/day in 2009 [4, 128]. By contrast, the neighboring Dominican Republic has increased its food supply by 45% from 1,715 to 2,491 kcal/capita/day over that same period, despite having slightly higher population growth and the same total population as Haiti [129]. For further comparison, the food supply in the USA was 3,804 kcal/capita/day in 2009 [130].
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